Organization Evaluation Free Essays

The association that I will depict today is the place I work, at Applause’s. Here we have a vertical structure that comprises of the proprietor, head supervisor, four directors, and all workers legitimately beneath them. The proprietor has full oversight and state over everything that goes on in the eatery. We will compose a custom exposition test on Association Evaluation or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The senior supervisor gets data on the best way to run and work from the proprietor and hand-off that data down to the four individuals from the executives straightforwardly underneath him. Their Jobs are to gather data from the senior supervisor and utilize that to finish their assignments and draw in the representatives under them. Every individual from the executives has their own group that they run, make plans for, and help when issues emerge. There is the kitchen director who runs the kitchen group and administers the kitchen workers plans, the food prep, and cleaning. There is additionally the bar administrator who makes barkeep calendars and preparing, just as alcohol expenses and control. The staff supervisor makes plans for the hosts and servers, controls the progression of the seating and eating experience, and guarantees that the clients are glad. At long last the fourth indignation is the associate chief who can assist all administrators with their obligations and has fundamentally indistinguishable duties from the others however without an immediate pool of representatives. In the event that business gets poor he will have the option to help each region of the café. This type of association changes from a flat structure in light of the fact that, in spite of the fact that there are a few supervisors on one level and all representatives on one level, all workers report to a different administrator who settle any issues, issues, or clashes. There is no disarray with regards to who to answer to and data is kept sorted out and exact on the grounds that there is just a single individual to answer to. An even structure in my organization would have a few supervisors for each area of the café. There would be at least two kitchen supervisors, staff chiefs, bar directors and associate administrators. Despite the fact that the associate director assists with everything in the café, there is still just a single supervisor for every territory of the eatery. Another type of association would be a useful type of association where the associations â€Å"are specific and gathered by business unction’s and the aptitudes they require: creation, showcasing, HR, innovative work, fund, bookkeeping, thus forth† (Bateman Snell, 2011). The organization I work for is like this structure since all territories of the eatery are isolated into a few regions where one individual runs, keeps up and controls what goes on around there. The main genuine drawback of this kind of association is in the event that it were in an enormous organization. Data and outstanding tasks at hand may turn out to be unreasonably incredible for one individual to deal with. For this situation, data can get lost and radioactivity can slow as a result of the board turning out to be over worked. As the book states, â€Å"this kind of structure might be generally fitting in littler business settings and if the business becomes divided it might experience issues carrying new items to clients and reacting rapidly to client needs† (Bateman Snell, 2011). I don't feel like the showcasing division has anything to do with how the company’s hierarchical structure since it is a chain café. Along these lines advertising is done at another area and doesn't meddle with how this branch is run. The name goes for the account territory, in spite of the fact that they are truly close on the monetary angle so I feel like a vertical structure was picked to set aside cash. In the event that they had a flat structure they would need to spend extra cash on additional representatives as well as chiefs. Human resources’ is likewise a territory I feel isn't influencing how the structure of our branch is run. Anyway tasks do influence how the structure is set up. Our days of work and outstanding task at hand is legitimately influenced by the business that comes in. In the event that there is a great deal of business we will all have a lot of movements and have the option to work enough to bring in adornment cash. On the off chance that business gets poor enough all workers will be cut and the board will dominate and carry out our Responsibilities. I generally hear the managers’ talk about work expenses to deals and when deals are low individuals are approached to leave to set aside cash. I feel that by having a vertical structure the café sets aside the most cash since individuals and supervisors have one division of workers as well as are crossed prepared so as to set aside cash when required. When taking a gander at geographic, authoritative, client based, item, advertising channels, and personalization hierarchical plan, these assistance figure out which structure best suits the organization I work for on the grounds that we base the work we do (how much and for to what extent) completely on deals and income that the organization acquires. At the point when you get into the human plan of action and advertising territory of the organization the Jobs are steady and not dependent on deals. The authoritative structure that we have is dependent on clients. The bigger piece of the organization would have possibly a level structure when we get into showcasing and there may be a few directors controlling this back in light of the fact that the interest for new food, ads, and approaches to set aside cash are a ceaseless need which implies that numerous cerebrums are required and that they will pay more individuals to maintain these Sources of income which implies the need makes the authoritative structure of an even structure. Since the genuine café is likewise client put together it implies that based with respect to deals, the structure is dictated by the client. On the off chance that deals are high we can have more individuals on move. In the event that deals are low they need to request that individuals leave and cut moves so a vertical association is perfect on the grounds that each outrage realizes how to play out the worker assignments and can dominate if fundamental. Additionally by having a vertical association the organization is getting a good deal on the café level since they don't need to enlist various individuals to do one Job. At long last the organization I work for, on the eatery level has embraced a vertical type of association which I feel is the best choice since it sets aside cash by adjusting to a client needs based condition. One administrator screens and controls numerous workers. Step by step instructions to refer to Organization Evaluation, Papers

The Effects of Government Intervention Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Government Intervention Essay What is the legislature? What is the job of the legislature? How does the administration impact the economy? What would we be able to state about the impacts of the administration impact in Romania? These are a portion of the inquiries that weâ will attempt to reply during our instance of study. We are residents of a general public, and our general public depends on appropriate principles ordered and implemented by the high powers of our states. We have to act mindfully and illuminate ourselves, as much as possible, with respect to this issue. The individuals from the administration, how could they arrive? How is the legislature composed? How are they chosen? By which measures are these individuals chosen? What are their traits and what are their drives? We should know whether they straightforwardly impact our lives, our economy! Assessments, import and fare limitations, levies, discount loan costs are just a piece of the government’s obligations to be set up. Is the government’s cash, in certainty our cash? What's more, in the event that they are our cash, how would they spend it, on what, and why? These are a few things that must concern us. Also, presently, we should concentrate on our nation, Romania, and, obviously, on ourselves. Despite the fact that Romania is a nation of extensive potential in the majority of the fields, its economy is delicate. Our economy is solid identified with the European economy, and a portion of these associations between our economy and the worldwide economy are made by the administration. The greater part of the individuals will in general imperfection the president, the legislature, the parliament and so on for the delicacy of our economy, and to us it may appear not to work, however we need to tolerate as a main priority this is the impact of the entire nation’s activities and of the world’s also. In the pages that tail we introduced emotionally and dispassionately our thoughts concerning the impacts of the government’s effect on Romania’s economy, beginning with clarifying that is the legislature and which is the government’s job in the economy. The Government Government alludes to the officials, heads, and judges in the regulatory organization who control a state at a given time, and to the arrangement of government by which they are composed. Government is the methods byâ which state strategy is upheld, just as the component for deciding the approach of the state. A type of government, or type of state administration, alludes to the arrangement of political organizations by which a legislature of a state is composed. Equivalents incorporate system type and arrangement of government. The word government is gotten from the Latin action word gubernare, an infinitive significance to oversee or to oversee. The Government is the open authority of official force that capacities based on the demonstration of approval allowed by Parliament, guarantees the accomplishment of the countrys household and international strategy and that practices the general initiative of open organization. The Government is selected by the President of Romania based on the demonstration of approval allowed to the Government by Parliament. Destinations The Government has the job of guaranteeing adjusted working and improvement of national monetary and social framework, and its association with the world financial framework while advancing national interests. The Government is sorted out and works as per protected arrangements, based on the Government program endorsed by Parliament. Association The Government comprises of Prime Minister and Ministers. Leader drives the Government and directions the exercises of its individuals, in consistence with their lawful obligations. The working contraption of the Government is made out of the working mechanical assembly of the Prime Minister, Secretariat General of the Government, divisions and other comparable hierarchical structures with explicit errands set by Government Decision. Administrative procedure The Government embraces choices and laws. Choices are given for law requirement association. Laws are given under an exceptional empowering law, inside the cutoff points and conditions indicated by it. The choices and mandates received by the Government are marked by Prime Minister, countersigned by the Ministers who are compelled by a solemn obligation to actualize them and are distributed in the Official Gazette. The non distribution involves the nonappearance of a choice or statute. Choices with military character will be passed on just to the organizations concerned. Administrative activities The accompanying open specialists reserve the option to start draft open strategy archives and draft authoritative represents selection/endorsement by the Government, as indicated by their errands and movement field: Ministries and other specific collections of focal open organization, subjected to the Government, and self-governing regulatory specialists; particular assemblages of focal open organization subjected or composed by Ministries, by the Ministries under whose subjection or coordination they are; Prefects, district chambers, the General Council of Bucharest, as per the law, through the Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform. Governments Role in the Economy While buyers and makers settle on most choices that shape the economy, government exercises powerfully affect the Romanian economy in any event five zones. Adjustment and Growth. Maybe above all, the central government manages the general pace of monetary action, endeavoring to keep up consistent development, elevated levels of business, and value steadiness. By altering spending and duty rates (financial arrangement) or dealing with the cash gracefully and controlling the utilization of credit (money related strategy), it can back off or accelerate the economys pace of development all the while, influencing the degree of costs and work. The administration could influence the economy in various manners, yet the most widely recognized changes that can be made to impact the economy are: (1) Taxes; (2) Import Restrictions; (3) Wholesale Interest Rates; and (4) Government Speeding. Assessments Tax assessment naturally influences the economy by redistributing cash from customers and makers to the administration coffers. The higher the duty, the less individuals need to spend, the less total interest [total demand] there is in the economy. IMPORT RESTRICTIONS At the point when a nation utilizes protectionism to shield residential makers from their own wastefulness and powerlessness to contend with outside firms, they may establish shares or levies. A portion is when there is a most extreme measure of a decent that can be brought into the nation, where imports that surpass the cutoff have either the people in question arraigned for violating the law or the products being dismissed. Duties are the point at which the cost of imports is falsely swelled with an assessment, so as to make them less alluring to shoppers that are value delicate. The higher the shares and duties, the higher the costs of those punished products in the economy, which thusly will adversely influence total interest. Discount INTEREST RATES Discount financing costs are the rates at which the national bank advances out cash to retail banks, which thus advance out their cash to customers and makers at a higher rate (the distinction, in a fundamental sense, is their overall revenue, or income less expenses). On the off chance that the discount loan costs are expanded, at that point retail banks should likewise build their rates, in any case their business would turn out to be less gainful (or unrewarding). For huge buys, makers (for example speculations) and customers (for example purchasing a home) need credits, since they don't have adequate money close by. Loan fees are viably the cost of acquiring cash and consequently influences the Consumption and Investment segments of GDP (Consumption + Investment + Govt. Spending + Net Exports). (A little admonition, in any case, that national banks are made by enactment yet are not run by government their activities are free of lawmakers motivation.) GOVERNMENT SPENDING Government Speeding (incomes taken from charges, referenced above) makes what is known as the Spending Multiplier. At the point when the legislature devours, called Government Spending, it is requesting products and enterprises in the economy. In any case, that request thusly creates more interest than a solitary expend, due to not just the size of the interest (the legislature has much more cash than you do) yet in addition the kind of interest (for example building framework benefits everyone, rather than building a private manor); government spending influences total interest. The spendingâ multiplier, or how much extra interest is created from every dollar of government spending, is determined as follows: Change in Equilibrium partitioned by Change in Investment. Contextual analysis †Romania Romania is a nation of extensive potential: rich horticultural terrains, differing vitality sources (coal, oil, petroleum gas, hydro, and atomic), a significant modern base incorporating nearly the full scope of assembling exercises, an informed work power, and open doors for extended improvement in the travel industry on the Black Sea and in the Carpathian Mountains. The Romanian Government acquired vigorously from the West during the 1970s to construct a significant state-possessed mechanical base. Following the 1979 oil value stun and an obligation rescheduling in 1981, Ceausescu announced that Romania would never again be dependent upon remote leasers. Before the finish of 1989, Romania had taken care of an outside obligation of about $10.5 billion through an exceptional exertion that unleashed destruction on the economy and expectations for everyday comforts. Essential imports were cut and food and fuel carefully proportioned, while the administration traded all that it could to acquire hard money. With venture cut, Romanias framework fell behind its verifiably less fortunate Balkan neighbors. Since the fall of the Ceausescu system in 1989, progressive governments looked to fabricate a Western-style advertise economy. The pace of rebuilding was moderate, yet by 1994 th

Cocaine Abuse Affects Decision Making and Memory

Cocaine Abuse Affects Decision Making and Memory Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Print Cocaine Abuse Affects Decision Making and Memory By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on December 06, 2019 JamesBrey/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Long-term cocaine users can lose some of their ability to memorize and remember even simple items and can have their decision-making abilities impaired, according to an MRI examination of the brains of cocaine abusers. Chronic cocaine abuse is directly related to dysfunction in areas of the brain involved in higher thought and decision-making. Researchers say the resulting cognitive deficits may help explain why cocaine abusers persist in using the drug or return to it after a period of abstinence. The study was conducted by Dr. Robert Hester of Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, and Dr. Hugh Garavan of Trinity College and the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. Damage to the Dopamine System Addictive substances such as cocaine can damage the dopamine system in the brain, and there is a high concentration of dopamine receptors in brain regions involved in higher-order decision-making processes, says NIDA Director Dr. Nora D. Volkow, in a news release. By employing functional neuroimaging to examine the neural changes that often result from chronic cocaine abuse, these scientists have identified another aspect of cocaines effect on the brain that may help explain why individuals persist in these behaviors despite the negative consequences. Drug Addiction and the Pathological Pursuit of Rewards In the study, the scientists enlisted 15 active cocaine abusers and 15 healthy individuals who have never used the drug. Each participant completed a task in which they viewed memory lists of letters for six seconds and rehearsed each list for 8 seconds. They later pressed a button when they were presented with a letter that was not part of the preceding list. During the task, the participants brains were analyzed via functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that illustrates nerve cell activity during the performance of a specific task. Cocaine Affects Higher Brain Functions The cocaine abusers were significantly less accurate than the controls. The scientists found that the demands of working memory required increased activation of two brain regions, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the prefrontal cortex. Previous research that examined cognitive function in cocaine abusers identified decreased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, says Dr. Garavan. But our study is the first to show that the difficulty cocaine users have with inhibiting their actions, particularly when high levels of reasoning and decision-making are required, relate directly to this reduced capacity for controlling activity in the ACC and prefrontal regions of the brain. How Using Cocaine Affects Your Body

Orchestra Concert Essay - 967 Words

The music played throughout all of the concerts adhered to be diverse. The instruments, the individuals performing, and the conductor all proved to be outstanding. The concerts proved to be interesting as I witnessed them, first hand. The first concert I attended was performed by the Dallas Symphony Orchestra. The orchestra had performed Shostakovich’s â€Å"Symphony NO. 7, Leningrad† from the Romantic era. The orchestra was a large ensemble (1) containing various instruments that contributed to the overall sound of the piece. Since the orchestra was a large ensemble, just like the instrumentation common in the Romantic era, the orchestra was able to perform in a lively, vigorous manner, probably vivace (2). The orchestra performed tutti†¦show more content†¦All of the members of the orchestra seemed to be attentive to the conductor, which is important because every member of the orchestra needs to be aware of what is going to happen next in the music. The brass and the string had sections in the music, where they were the most important parts. Overall, the Dallas Symphony Orchestra performed well as a whole group. The second concert I attended was performed by the Richardson Symphony Orchestra. The orchestra performed â€Å"Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582† by Bach, which is part of the Baroque era. The string instruments of the orchestra performed with the hair of the bow, in other words, arco (7). By using lots of motion or most commonly known as mosso (8), the orchestra increased the tension of the piece. The orchestra played at a pretty fast tempo (9), probably allegro. The piece had a distinct part where the harp played. The ensemble was large, in order to attain the full sound of the piece. The instruments played in the orchestra did not comply with the typical orchestras of the Baroque era because it did not have a distinct part where were the main instruments were the piano and the bass, or more commonly known as basso continuo (10). Along with the use of basso continuo, the orchestra used ornamentation by adding grace notes (11) throughout the piece. The Baroque era also included the doctrine of affections (12), in which the Richardson Symphony Orchestra demonstrated by playing fasterShow MoreRelated A Concert Performance to Remember Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagessubmit a concert report on each. The reports should demonstrate â€Å"Active Listening† and not be merely reviews or critiques. I am interested in the student’s experience at this particular performance. There is no obligation to use fancy terminology. Just tell me what happened, how it affected you, how this experience will influence your plans for future concert attendance? I am particularly moved by a report that helps me to relive the concert or one that makes me sorry that I missed it. This essay doesRead MoreThe Sound Recording For A Live Concert1846 Words   |  8 Pagessituationsï ¼Å¡ For a film a live concert Mengjia Dai (641175) Joe Hisaishi is the most famous film soundtrack master of Japan, the cooperation between him and the Japanese animation master Miyazaki Hayao makes many animation works become screen classics, such as Spirited Away (One Summer’s Day), Laputa: Castle in the Sky (Castle in the Sky). As a great musician, Joe Hisaishi also often holds large symphony concerts all over the world. HoweverRead MoreConcert Report On Music Concert1143 Words   |  5 PagesName Music32 Concert Report Professor Name 2015.6.2 Music Concert Report On Sunday, May10 2015, a concert was held in The Broad Stage. The concert was played by Santa Monica College Symphony Orchestra, whose conductor is Dr. James Martin. For this concert, I would identify myself as a referential listener at this concert. I say this becauseRead MoreThe Nutcracker : Live At The Ellie Caulkins Opera1383 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Colorado Ballet Orchestra perform the nutcracker live. The concert was at the Ellie Caulkins Opera House, and the phenomenal symphony was led by Adam Flatt. This was my first ever classical concert as well as concert, and I was not disappointed. The performance was wonderful, and the opera house was beautiful. The Nutcracker performance was one hour and fifty minutes long, therefore, in this essay, I plan to pick out the points that stood out. To begin this essay, I am going to summarizeRead MoreWalt Disney Concert Hall Critical Essay-When Art and Architecture Merge1245 Words   |  5 Pagestoured, Walt Disney Concert Hall probably is the one that stands out most in my memory. Although I didn’t visit the interior of the Concert Hall, the exterior appearance left a profound impact on me influencing my view regarding the society and art. I feel astounded by how Gehry’s work can beautifully allow art and architecture to collide into a piece of functional aesthetic structure. Among all the nearby and typical buildings in the city of Los Angeles, Walt Disney Concert Hall, designed by FrankRead MorePittsburgh Music History1449 Words   |  6 Pagessong writers who have sold millions of records. Their music can now be heard on movies, TV, and even Broadway shows. These famous artists would be nothing without their teachers, producers, music promoters, managers, and radio personalities. This essay will take a look back into the roots of Pittsburgh to examine its historical and cultural music background. The music legacy of Pittsburgh began back in in the mid 1750’s and early 1800’s as English, led by General Forbes, troops marched along withRead MoreOrchestra Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesviol family, the bass viol, more commonly known as the contrabass or double bass, was still used. Throughout this time period, the cores of the ensembles were string orchestras(5), orchestras consisting of only string instruments. However, ensembles including woodwind sections(6) started to come about. The sizes of many baroque orchestras were relatively small. Each section only had a few people in them. Pianos did not exist back in this era. Instead, its predecessors, the clavichord and harpsichordRead MoreRichard Wagner Of 1813-1883 Born1735 Words   |  7 Pageshimself to the studies of his very own personal inspiration, the symphonies of Beethoven. With the inspiration of Beethoven, Wagner created his very own Symphony in C Major, in which he performed in 1832 in Prague and in 1833 at the Leipzig Gewandhaus concerts. After leaving Leipzig University, Wagner became a musical director at an opera house in Magdeburg in 1834, where he fell in love with actress Christine Wilhelmine Planer, the two married in 1836. After running into serious financial debts inRead MoreIs The Memphis Youth Symphony? A Discourse Community?1776 Words   |  8 Pagesgenres in the communicative furtherance of its aims, an acquired lexis, and a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise† (Swales 220-222). The discourse community I have chosen to analyze in this essay is the Memphis Youth Symphony; I chose this community because I was a part of it and I am very familiar with it. The Memphis Youth Symphony is a discourse community because it possesses the six characteristics as defined by John Swales. The MemphisRead MoreThe Concert Hall, Raleigh, Concert, By Paul Randall And Composed By Bill Evans1721 Words   |  7 PagesThe concert took place on November 4, 2016 in Meymandi Concert Hall, Raleigh. In concert, I had enjoyed a lot. Especially the Saxophone and a piano subsequently switched the tune of the tune as if they were dancing like two lovers. As the saxophone took the airs as well as the piano and other instruments within the ensemble were in accompaniment for the love of the tune the texture altered within the tune. The tempo, which was always steady appeared to get quicker like a pulse by the climax of the

The Story of an Hour a Sorrowful Woman - 1398 Words

â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† â€Å"The Story of an Hour† The sadness and unhappiness displayed by both of the married women in â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows that marriage does not always bring the typical ending of most fairy tales. Thus being living happily ever after. It is evident that both of these women feel trapped in their marriages as many people feel today. Growing up with eight sisters I have also seen this feeling of entrapment in the world as well. In both of these stories the women display such a lack of love towards their spouses and in fact in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† it seems as though Mrs. Mallard never really loved her spouse and is the happiest for the hour that she thinks her husband is dead. The woman in â€Å"A†¦show more content†¦These poor women have no way to escape from their intense unhappiness. Not only did these women not have a way to get out of their crisis, but they were al so prohibited from being themselves and from doing what they want. In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† the main character is exhausted from being â€Å"a wife and mother one too many times† (189). When her son says, â€Å"She’s tired of doing all our things again† (193), this tells us what her life was like. She was constantly feeling the stress of trying to be a housewife against her will, although she did have the ability to write and wasn’t given much of a chance to write. Only once in her life does she have a chance to write â€Å"mad and fanciful stories nobody could ever make up again, and a table full of love sonnets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (192-193); that is before her death. This woman is in a tough predicament. While the person herself tells her to do whatever she wants to, the person that is affected by social expectations inside her tells her to do other things. She completely loses controls of herself. Even though she was unable to do things she wants, she still had to pretend as if she was the luckiest woman (189). In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† on the other hand, Mrs. Mallard’s overwhelming joy when she received the news of her husband’s death indicated for how long and how much she wanted to be â€Å"Free, free, free!† (19). Only alone in her room could Mrs.Show MoreRelatedSorrowful Woman vs. Story of an Hour805 Words   |  4 PagesEffect of Irony In â€Å"Story of an Hour† â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† A life as a wife and/or a mother, is usually appreciated and is a happy life as well. A relationship between two people should consist of joy, commitment, responsibility, and most importantly love. For the two main characters in both stories ( â€Å"The Story of An Hour†, and â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† ) this was not the case. The stories go against societies view with marriage roles and happiness. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, theRead MoreComparison of the Story of an Hour and a Sorrowful Woman Essay697 Words   |  3 PagesPeriod of Time Kate Chopins â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Gail Godwin’s â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† are similar pieces of literary work. Both stories offer a revealing glimpse of extremely unhappy marriages due to being forced into stereotypical roles. Both stories portray women, who are trapped in their marriages and trapped in their socially expected matriarchal characters. They are identified by their role as a wife and mother. In A Sorrowful Woman the wife is depressed with her life, soRead More Essay on Social Expectations in Story of an Hour and Sorrowful Woman1387 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Expectations and Marriage  in The Story of an Hour and A Sorrowful Woman      Ã‚  Ã‚   Marriage does not always bring people happiness they expect.   A number of people feel trapped in their own marriages.   Mrs. Mallard in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and the unnamed protagonist in Gail Godwin’s â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† are among those who experience such unfortunate.   Only one hour in her marriage did Mrs. Mallard feel really happy; that was, bizarrely, when she was told about her husband’sRead MoreSorrowful Women and a Story of an Hour842 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story, A Sorrowful Woman, the character is a component of a troubled family. Furthermore in the short story, The Story of an Hour written by Kate Chopin, the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard is notified with information that is life altering. A characters motivation drives a story towards the authors intended theme through the actions taken and emotions that are depicted. One such example of a characters ability to portray the authors intentions is in the short story A Sorrowful Woman writtenRead MoreThe Dancing Girl of Izu1728 Words   |  7 PagesHe is a Japanese short story writer and the first Japanese author to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. His works combined the beauty of old Japan with modernist trends. Kawabata’s books have been described as melancholy lyricism and often explore the place of sex within culture and within individual lives. â€Å"The Dancing Girl of Izu† is a story like this, my favorite story is The Dancing Girl of Izu, I like him because of this short story, it is a beautiful love story about a melancholy highRead MoreA Sorrowful Woman By Gail Godwin Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pages A Sorrowful Woman While reading many kinds of literature about women s rights and suffrages. One of them is call â€Å"The Sorrowful Woman†. The story is a mournful story presenting the readers the heart of a woman sometimes in the 1970s. The author who wrote the story named Gail Godwin portrays a woman character in a way that shows us how women feel towards marriage and motherhood. The story sets in a home in which the typical mother has to take care of her house, husband, and child. She has toRead MoreCompare and Contrast of â€Å"From a Secret Sorrow† and â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman†2456 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Compare and Contrast of â€Å"From a Secret Sorrow† and â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† In the short story â€Å"From a Secret Sorrow† by Karen Van Der Zee a woman who struggles to tell her fiancà © a truth that is killing her inside. The story focuses on two main characters, Faye and Kai. Faye is a woman who thought that the world was over for her after finding out she was infertile. Faye had no idea on how to communicate such horrendous news to Kai, her fiancà ©. She was afraid that her Kai was going to leave her andRead MoreEssay on Housewives and Prisioners: Chopin, Colette, Godwin915 Words   |  4 PagesHousewives and Prisoners in their World All three writings, â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† and â€Å"The Hand† portray the long led belief that women are obligated to carrying the burden’s of a household. The belief that they should surrender their own desires and needs to care for the needs of their families still lingers in society today. Similarly, the women are in a marriage they will not leave, bare the burden of submission, have a love and dislike for their spouses, and desire freedomRead MoreA Sorrowful Woman By Gail Godwin932 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A Sorrowful woman† by Gail Godwin tells a short story of a woman who feels the sorrows of being a full time wife and mother and to an extent is an attack on marriage and gender roles. In this short story Gail Godwin shows how marriage does not always lead to a perfect life and I believe Godwin is allowing her audience to view marriage from a different perspective. For a long time in many societies especially in Africa and the middle east where the common stereotype for women, which is also a lifeRead MoreSorrowful Woman Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesSorrowful Woman 1. FIRST RESPONSE. How did you respond to the excerpt from A SECRET SORROW and to â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman†? Do you like one more than the other? Is one of the women – Faye or Godwin’s unnamed wife – more likable than the other? Why do you think you respond the way you do to the characters and the stories – is your response intellectual, emotional, a result of authorial intent, a mix of these, or something else entirely? Both writings were very well written and very enjoyable to read

The Role of Human Resources Management in an Organisation Free Essays

string(66) " in the context of the recently liberalized economic environment\." Introduction- Human resource is considered as the backbone of any organisation. The concept of the Human resource management (HRM) had been debated in the literature. Initially the concept of HRM developed from U. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Human Resources Management in an Organisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now S.A in the 1960s. It plays vital role in creating organisation. In the recent scenario human resources has added more values in developing country. The Human resource management is very fast growing concept. It has marvellous relevance in the productivity industry. Management of the people and staff practices and policies enable to carry organisation successfully. Human resource management is all about allowing staff to utilise their qualities in order to fulfil their contribution and role of the organisation motive and aim. Good human resource management is very much crucial if organisation want to entice and hold good staff. It also means that an organisation reduces risk to its staff and reputation. Human resources management can also reduce organisation cost. For example, good recruitment processes and policies mean that organisation can recruit more staff that can carry their jobs very efficiently. On the counter part, good system for performance management mean that organisatio n has to ensure that they are achieving best from their staff. Human resource management included all management practices and decisions which may stimulus the employees. The Human Resources Management (HRM) included all activities like training; recruiting, satisfying employee’s needs and also confirming personnel and management practise. HRM also comprise managing an approach to provide compensation and benefits of employee. Evolution of the Human Resource function DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HRM AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT- Although both human resource management (HRM) and personnel management focus on people management, if we examine critically, there are many differences between them. Some are listed HRM, on the contrary, encourages organizations to look beyond pay for functional duties. Here, the pay is designed to encourage continuous job performance and improvement which is linked to value-added incentives such as gain sharing schemes, group profit sharing and individual incentive plans. The job design is no more functional based but teamwork and cyclical based. HRM creates a new approach towards job design such as job rotation which is inter and intra-departmental based and job enlargement which encourages one potential and capable individual to take on more tasks to add value to his/her job and in return enjoy added incentives and benefits. Organisation Structure and HRM strategy- Air-India is always well know importance of human resources and it HR polices are mainly focusing on best service in the airline industry. With the concentration on the same, Air-India also goes for campus recruitment from the colleges or universities to recruit young students for the company. The following the key factors for HR committee: Employee’s growth strategy Confinement and attraction strategies for worker To motivate learning within the company Human resource management department responsibilities can be broadly classified by individual, organizational, and career areas. Individual management entails helping employees identify their strengths and weaknesses; correct their shortcomings; and make their best contribution to the enterprise. These duties are carried out through a variety of activities such as performance reviews, training, and testing. Organizational development, meanwhile, focuses on fostering a successful system that maximizes human (and other) resources as part of larger business strategies. This important duty also includes the creation and maintenance of a change program, which allows the organization to respond to evolving outside and internal influences. The third responsibility, career development, entails matching individuals with the most suitable jobs and career paths within the organization. Human resource management functions are ideally positioned near the theoretic centre of the organization, with access to all areas of the business. Since the HRM department or manager is charged with managing the productivity and development of workers at all levels, human resource personnel should have access to and the support of key decision makers. In addition, the HRM department should be situated in such a way that it is able to effectively communicate with all areas of the company. HRM structures vary widely from business to business, shaped by the type, size, and governing philosophies of the organization that they serve. But most organizations organize HRM functions around the clusters of people to be helped they conduct recruiting, administrative, and other duties in a central location. Different employee development groups for each department are necessary to train and develop employees in specialized areas, such as sales, engineering, marketing, or executive education. In contrast, some HRM departments are completely independent and are organized purely by function. The same tra ining department, for example, serves all divisions of the organization. In recent years, however, observers have cited a decided trend toward fundamental reassessments of human resources structures and positions. â€Å"A cascade of changing business conditions, changing organizational structures, and changing leadership has been forcing human resource departments to alter their perspectives on their role and function almost over-night,† wrote John Johnston in Business Quarterly. â€Å"Previously, companies structured themselves on a centralized and compartmentalized basis?head office, marketing, manufacturing, shipping, etc. They now seek to decentralize and to integrate their operations, developing cross-functional teams. Today, senior management expects HR to move beyond its traditional, compartmentalized ‘bunker’ approach to a more integrated, decentralized support function.† Given this change in expectations, Johnston noted that â€Å"an increasingly common trend in human resources is to decentralize the HR function and ma ke it accountable to specific line management. This increases the likelihood that HR is viewed and included as an integral part of the business process, similar to its marketing, finance, and operations counterparts. However, HR will retain a centralized functional relationship in areas where specialized expertise is truly required,† such as compensation and recruitment responsibilities. Key HRM activities of Air-India Organization The employment relationship Resourcing Utilisation The changing role of the Human resources Management- Human Resources Management Models- By using the core concept of the HRM there are mainly five basic models which are used in practise. The assessment is lead in the context of the recently liberalized economic environment. You read "The Role of Human Resources Management in an Organisation" in category "Essay examples" The five models of HRM namely ‘Matching model, Harvard model, Contextual, 5-P model and European model identifies the main research question developing from these that can be used to highlight the HRM practices. Harvard Framework Model of the Human resources Management- The model shows and characterizes as a real actor which is capable of making some degree of the same contribution which is related to the corporate objective within the organizational constraints. The framework of Harvard model mainly has five components which are mainly The situational factors which influence the management of HR strategy. This model involves workforce characteristics management philosophy factors. According to Beer et al (1958), In the Human resources management policies, Stakeholders interests are the very important. To satisfy the stakeholder HRM should be responsible and if they failed to do so then they have to face some problems. Air-India had faced some problems in their past. HRM of Air-India had developed a new policy with the government and also they fulfilled the expectation of stakeholders. Policies of HRM select and totally focus upon the management actions and decision in the HR management which can be appreciated on the bases of result from an interaction between choices and constraints. Air-India sees to that polices that are being implemented should be approachable to the employee. Regular feedback should be made in the company through the different mediums. Human resource outcomes are highly employee commitment to organizational goals. Individual performance is the leading to the cost effectiveness of product and the services. As mentioned above paragraph the HRM is in this Air-India organization is participating in six major areas. By Optimizing the success of the Air-India’s Service through effective management and the development of the most valuable employees is responsibility of HRM. The Harvard Framework model helps in maintaining good relations of HRM with the other department of management which includes decision making also. The strength of this model is that the classification of input and outcome of societal level and organizational level creates the basic for an analysis of comparative HRM. The weakness of this model is the absences of coherent theoretical basics for measuring the relationship between HRM performance and outcomes. Guest Model- David guest (1989) has advanced a more rigid conjectural framework, which reflects set of incorporated HRM practices cab achieve superior individual and organizational performance. The central theory of guest model is that if an integrated set of HRM practices is applied in rational fashion, with a view to achieve the normative goals of high commitment, high quality and task flexibility, then a superior individual performance will result. This model has six of its components: The Guest model (1989) is prescriptive in the sense that it is based on the assumption that HRM it is distinctively different from traditional personnel management (rooted in strategic management, etc.).It is idealistic, implicitly embodying the belief that fundamental elements of the HRM approach such as commitment have a direct relationship with valued business consequences. However, Guest (1989) has acknowledged that the concept of commitment is ‘messy’ and that the relationship betw een commitment and high performance is difficult to establish. It also employs a ‘flow’ approach, seeing strategy underpinning practice, leading to a variety of desired outcomes. Like its American predecessors, this UK model is unitary (tying employee behaviour and commitment into the goals of strategic management) and lukewarm on the value of trade unions. The employee relationship is viewed as one between the individual and the organization. However it is being argued that the guest model does not identify the key difference between HRM and personnel management namely a shift from a hands on, fire fighting approach to a planning function of a company as being a part of the overall corporate strategy. Air-India continuously monitors its employees and sees that they are satisfied with the policies and their feedback is taken into the account for every policy that changes it makes. Other critics had observed that the guest model may simply be an ideal type towards which western organizations can move. Human resource management at organisational level- Human resource management consists of many aspects. Few organisations may feel overcome and uncertain about where to start making enhancements. This case is mainly for the organisation that do not have department which is precisely responsible for human resources management. There are many aids in human recourses management of having ownership with staff members. For example, the organisation can be kept informed on legal matters. A synchronized method can be taken with favour with practice and policy. This may help to ensure that the organisation have reasonable and reliable behaviour towards its staff. They have access to assistance on the issues which are related to the staff. Payments are fair and reliable. Good practice and strategy can be put in place. This enables best people to be recruited. Functions of HRM at the Time of Austerity: Human resource planning (HRP) is where the HRM professionals or management predict the need for new work forced based on the vacancy that exits or which is predicted for the future Recruitment Selection- Recruitment and selection play very vital role process and it is important to select the best staff for the organisation. This guide sets out best practices to assist in making process effective. The success of HRM is based on recruitment selection of employees of an organisation. The quality of the service is mainly influenced by recruitment and service of the organisation. At the time austerity, Air-India started internal recruitment which was very effective tool in the recession. As Air-India needs to cut jobs and best aptitudes in the company can be offered challenges and new jobs opportunities. The organisation has set the job openings and the employees can compete for the defined job position. But the internal recruitment is not safe for all the employees it is only safe for those who want to get a new job challenge in the company. At the time of recession internal recruitment process in Air-India was very congested. The Human resources management have managed the full proce ss open and transparent. All the Applications were managed and the employees got the feedback from the job interview. After this Air- India designed whole recruitment process as temporary and healthy and all applications were recorded carefully as result of that there was no mess and no complain from employees in the whole process. The internal recruitment process helps to the company to reinforce it talents and capabilities at the time of austerity as the employees move to the better job position. Performance structure ropes an integrated human resource strategy which helps the accomplishment of business and organizational goals. In every organisation performance appraisals is plays vital role for their future organizational growth organisation must ensure to implements a comprehensible feedback process to their employees. At Air-India the Human Recourses team appraise the performance linked to the Air-India’s organisation goal by providing goal and also by there working strategy for their future growth. Performance management system comprises Performance appraisal is an important way to ensure that the organization implements a comprehensible feedback process for its employees in order to promote personal and organizational future development. Most high-performing organizations have procedures in place to offer structured response of all employees on a regular basis as a means of capturing the effectiveness of individual performance. Revision of employee performance will help the organization to get involved in this crucial process of managing employees more fairly and effectively. Training Development- Most of the organisation focuses on the training to their employees with the help the proper resources to achieve company’s goal. Air-India designated right person to motive for its training programme and start its development and training services. Air-India concentrated on biennial training strategy to include funding required for the plan and an strategy for fulfilling the goal, objective and the procedures. Recommendation- For any organization no matter how big or small there is always room for improvement in HR. following are my suggestions Performance feedback- managers should meet individually with staff once is 3 months and provide a feedback on the particular staff members performance and suggest improvements that could be, made before the next meeting Clearly defined expectation from the staff managers to make it clear to employees on what is expected from them on a regular basis. Regular absenteeism managers should do a counselling with staff and find out if the employee has any grievances or job dissatisfaction which is causing the absenteeism. Defining career development goals motivating staff by showing them what they are working for and that they have a clear achievable career path with Air-India. Performance appraisal as an on-going thing rather than an annual thing. Setting S.M.A.R.T objectives for staff this should be set in direct alignment to Air-India corporate objectives. Authorised leave at the beginning on the year to provide staff leave forms that must be handed back within a given deadline so that holidays won’t affect the business and adequate staff to cover the shift. Constantly review HR procedures and policy to make sure it is up-to-date with the law and its suitability for HR. Training development managers to identify staff training and development needs and to work with HR department to ensure these needs are met Conclusion Human resources are a key element in the success or failure of monitoring programmes to meet their objectives. Without an adequate strategy to develop the human resources available and attract high calibre staff, monitoring programmes rapidly stagnate. Whilst poor quality of staff in water quality monitoring programme may reflect a wider difficulty in attracting staff to the sector, every effort should be made to invest in staff at all levels. Human resources development should encompass a much wider remit than training and should address issues such as career structures and professional development. It should also provide all levels of staff with the support and framework within which to function effectively and efficiently. Human resource management play a vital role in achieving organizational goals through HR planning and managing performance. In this assignment I have discuss different rolls of HRM in selected organization (Air-India).HRM not only responsible for HR planning and decision making. Through recruitment, training and development HRM selects best employees for organization which play its role to achieve strategic goals. Through HRM performance appraisal which makes an organization more efficient. It does not only focus on the overall strategic goal of an organisation, but also manage its human capital also helps in keep track on globalization and the effects or benefits it could have and at the same time have to monitor and updating the organizations HR policies and procedures. The HR department must not only attract, recruit, selecting and train and develop the workforce but also helps in monitoring through different methods. How to cite The Role of Human Resources Management in an Organisation, Essay examples

Exploration of Individual Personality Types †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Exploration of Individual Personality Types. Answer: Introduction: This reflective essay highlights the results of Myers Briggs 16-personality test results. The MBTI 16 Personality test results indicate my personality as an energizer (ESFP). The abbreviation ESFP indicates extraversion, sensing, feeling and perception as my characteristic traits. At the workplace, the individual traits play a crucial role, as this helps in coping up with the working environment and fulfilling the job roles and responsibilities successfully. The MBTI 16- Personality test results indicate my trait as energizers. The energizer trait in me highlights my highly sociable style and nature. My extrovert nature at workplace acts as a strength, as this highlights highly sociable nature within me. My workplace consists of fellow employees from diversified backgrounds and culture. In addition to, the workplace throws new challenges to me every day that I need to handle in order to achieve my results successfully. My extrovert or energizer nature draws me to others as well as n ew prospects and challenges every day at workplace creates excitement within me. Due to the aforementioned qualities, I am extremely free with my fellow workers. Due to my extrovert nature, I communicate freely with my fellow colleagues that have helped in creating a strong bonding and relationship among us. In addition to, learning new things from my fellow colleagues excites me, as I am able to learn new things due to their distinctive personality and cultures. My energizer trait helped me in creating a friendly, personal and purposeful working environment[1]. The establishment of such an environment at the workplace has helped in motivating the employees as well as creating the urge and enthusiasm within them. The building of positive and purposeful working environment at the workplace has improved the production and ensured better achievement of goals and objectives. Having a friendly nature while working as a team is necessary and my extrovert and friendly nature is a great help for the team to perform together and achieve desired goals and objectives. As I am friendly, my teammates are able to communicate with me freely that has helped us to build a strong relationship among us. As a result, we use each others strength and overcome each others weakness without any grudge and conflicts. The results of the MBTI personality test also highlight the optimistic and spontaneous nature within me. Due to these aforementioned traits, I love to have fun while working. I tend to seek energy and positivity from my surrounding people rather than from my inner self. For me, the entire world is a stage where I love to be the center of attraction and perform for the people. The nature of mine has helped me to have a positive attitude at work as well as towards my fellow colleagues. My optimistic nature has allowed me to have a positive approach towards the challenges at work that makes it easier for me solve it by responding appropriately[2]. My optimistic nature is extremely crucial for teamwork. This is because different individuals form a team. Thus, conflicts are noticed frequently within the team due to the difference in beliefs, attitudes and working style. This leads to negativity within the team that hampers the working environment as well as the relationship. My optimistic nature helps in bringing the team together, as I approach things with great positivity within the team. This helps in eradicating the negativity within the team along with solving the issue encountered within the team[3]. In addition to, the spontaneous nature within me helps in exceptionally while working within the team. My spontaneity nature encourages me to take initiatives within the team. As a result, positive attitude and initiative nature have helped me to bring in the entire team together. However, on the other hand, with the positives come to the negatives that I need to overcome in order to ensure effective team. One of the negatives traits includes my spontaneous nature. The nature of mine facilitates me to take initiatives within the team. However, I am so carried away with the nature that considering my fellow teammates is a major problem for me[4]. I have become the only person on the team that takes initiatives. My spontaneous nature sets back my fellow teammates who prefer to take initiatives for solving problems or completing the task. This has often resulted in conflicts within the team that has hampered the working environment. I need to improve this by considering the wishes and priorities of the other teammates[5]. For instance, during any activity I need to ask my fellow teammates whether would like to do it or shall I take the initiative. In addition to, if I am the one taking the initiative I can also ask my teammates for their contribution to completin g the activity. According to the test result, I have the characteristics trait of considering my experience and do what my senses tell me to do. I hardly depend on the patterns and the future possibilities. The nature of mine is extremely helpful while working with a team, as considering my experiences and the senses help me to strategize and plan based on reality[6]. This ensures a better rate of success within the team, as considering future possibilities will lead to the development of superficial plans and strategies. Using my feelings, values along with what I see to take decisions are another significant trait of my characteristics. This is crucial while working as a team because this helps me to take a fair decision by considering the values and the feelings. While working as a team, it is essential to consider the viewpoints and perspectives of all the teammates[7]. Thus, nature has helped me to consider the perspectives and viewpoints of all the teammates thereby, taking a fair and justified decision. I like to live my life by letting things happen and seeing where it takes me[8]. While working as a team, letting things happen on their own is essential, as this allows the teammates to carry on with the task according to their convenience thereby, establishing a positive and friendly working environment. References Al-Dujaily, Amal, Jieun Kim, and Hokyoung Ryu. "Am I extrovert or introvert? Considering the personality effect toward e-learning system."Journal of Educational Technology Society16.3 (2013). Kim, Jieun, Ahreum Lee, and Hokyoung Ryu. "Personality and its effects on learning performance: Design guidelines for an adaptive e-learning system based on a user model."International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics43.5 (2013): 450-461. Ayoubi, Rami, and Bayan Ustwani. "The relationship between student's MBTI, preferences and academic performance at a Syrian university."Education+ Training56.1 (2014): 78-90. Omar, Mazni, et al. "Assessing personality types preferences amongst software developers: a case of Malaysia."ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol10 (2015): 1499-1504. Radwan, Nouran. "An adaptive learning management system based on learners learning style."International Arab Journal of e-Technology3.4 (2014): 7. Sethuraman, Kavitha, and Jayshree Suresh. "Effective leadership styles."International Business Research7.9 (2014): 165. Stoltz, Molly, Raymond Young, and Kevin Bryant. "Can teacher self-disclosure increase student cognitive learning?."College Student Journal48.1 (2014): 166-172. Yilmaz, Murat, Rory V. OConnor, and Paul Clarke. "An exploration of individual personality types in software development."European Conference on Software Process Improvement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014.

A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example

A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis Essay A quote by John Lennon reads, â€Å"I believe in everything until its disproved. So I believe in fairies, the myths, dragons. It all exists, even if its in your mind. Whos to say that dreams and nightmares arent as real as the here and now?† In Wes Craven’s 1984 horror film, A Nightmare on Elm Street, nightmares do come true for the kids on Elm Street. This film panicked the nation and sent viewers into a fear of sleep. However, what lured the audience in to watch the movie was the two-minute-long trailer which used ethos by credibility, logos by logical order, and pathos by creating fear to persuade the viewer to head to theaters for the premier. The trailer begins with two young girls jumping rope, next to a narrator’s voice claims, â€Å"The kids of Elm Street don’t know it yet, but something is coming to get them.† During this statement, there is an image of a girl sleeping and something reaching through the wall paper behind her to â€Å"come get her.† The trailer then jumps into an odd murder scene where a blonde teen is being tossed around mid-air and ripped apart by an invisible killer while her assumed boyfriend cowers in the corner, terrified. The murder was so gruesome a cop explains that the coroner is â€Å"in the John puking since he saw her.† Next, we find another Elm street kid (that we later discover is Nancy, the main character) asking the victim’s boyfriend if he had killed her, but he claims it to be the fault of someone else, someone unknown. The police assume it was, in fact, the victim’s boyfriend that murdered her, in the next scene we see a cop saying, â€Å"He was locked in a room with a girl that went in alive and came out in a rubber bag.† We are then visually introduced to the assumed killer. It walks through jail cell bars, has knife-like claws, jumps through mirrors, almost drowns Nancy, and drags her boyfriend through his mattress right before she demands him, â€Å"don’t fall asleep.† The nar We will write a custom essay sample on A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Qu es la green card y que informacin hay que saber

Qu es la green card y que informacin hay que saber La greencard es el documento que acredita que una persona es residente permanente legal en los Estados Unidos (LPR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Tambià ©n se la conoce como tarjeta de residencia permanente.  Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay  importantes diferencias. Siendo el ms importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento ms comà ºn. Cà ³mo se obtiene la greencard y por quà © puede ser denegada Hay muchos caminos que conducen a la greencard, siendo los ms comunes las peticiones de familia, pero hay muchas otras. A la hora de obtenerla hay que tener en cuenta que los trmites pueden demorarse desde apenas unos meses a ms de 20 aà ±os, por lo que al iniciar el proceso es un dato a tener en cuenta.  La  forma ms rpidas para conseguir la greencard es  por ser cà ³nyuge, hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, padre o madre de un ciudadano americano. Tambià ©n conviene saber que hay ms de 40 razones por las que la greencard puede ser negada al final de la tramitacià ³n porque convierten a una persona en inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. Cà ³mo es la greencard La greencard es una tarjeta de tamaà ±o similar a una de crà ©dito o dà ©bito que sirve como prueba de que una persona es residente permanente legal. En otras palabras, que ese extranjero puede vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos. Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay importantes diferencias. Siendo el ms importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento ms comà ºn. Pero,  ¿es verde la greencard? En la actualidad el à ºltimo modelo de greencard sà ­ es verde. Adems, entre 1946 y 1964 tambià ©n lo fue. Y el nombre se conservà ³ durante dà ©cadas, a pesar de haberse ya modificado el modelo de la tarjeta en numerosas ocasiones y de emitirse en colores distintos al verde. Quà © informacià ³n contiene la Greencard Entre la informacià ³n fundamental que ofrece la tarjeta de residencia destacan el nombre de su titular, identificacià ³n de su sexo y fecha de nacimiento. Tambià ©n contiene informacià ³n sobre la categorà ­a por la que se adquirià ³ la green card y la fecha de expiracià ³n, debià ©ndose renovar antes de que alcance esa fecha. Adems, contiene el Alien Registration Number, un dà ­gito fundamental para los residentes permanentes legales. Cules son sus medidas de seguridad Hasta hace apenas 15 aà ±os era relativamente frecuente poder adquirir en la calle tarjetas de residencia falsas pero que se asemejaban bastante a las verdaderas. Desde entonces las cosas han cambiado y las green card emitidas en los à ºltimos aà ±os ya contienen importantes medidas de seguridad que dificultan su falsificacià ³n. El modelo actual, que comenzà ³ a entregarse a partir del 11 de mayo de 2010 es una tarjeta con importantes medidas de seguridad para evitar tanto la falsificacià ³n como la manipulacià ³n de las mismas. Entre las medidas destacan: Tinta en color cambiante en tonos que van desde el verde al oro. Este efecto puede verse, por ejemplo, en la imagen de la cabeza del guila cuando se mueve la tarjeta.Foto hologrfica del titular, tanto en el anverso como en el reverso de la tarjeta.Huellas gravadas mediante tecnologà ­a lser que permiten la identificacià ³n rpida y exacta de la persona cuando se entra por la frontera a Estados Unidos. Es decir, con esta tarjeta se evita que un emigrante utilice la tarjeta de otro para ganar entrada al paà ­s.Personalizacià ³n tctil tambià ©n realizada mediante lser.Tecnologà ­a de identificacià ³n por radio frecuencia que permite a los inspectores de Inmigracià ³n leer desde cierta distancia, sin tener la tarjeta en sus manos, un nà ºmero que est gravado en la tarjeta y conectarlo con toda la informacià ³n digital disponible sobre el titular de dicha tarjeta.Y almacenaje de todos los archivos digitales sobre el titular, incluyendo sus datos biomà ©tricos. Otra informacià ³n interesante que contienen las tarjetas de residencia En la parte posterior de la tarjeta pueden verse microfotos de altà ­sima resolucià ³n de las banderas de los estados y de Presidentes de los Estados Unidos.  ¿Debo solicitar el nuevo modelo de Greencard? Las tarjetas de residencia con menos de diez aà ±os son perfectamente vlidas aunque sean de un modelo anterior al actual y, por lo tanto, no hay obligacià ³n de reemplazarlas hasta que llegue su fecha de expiracià ³n. Obligacià ³n de cargar la green card y otros deberes Existe una obligacià ³n legal que aplica a todos los residentes permanentes legales mayores de 18 aà ±os: deben llevar consigo en todo momento su green card. El gobierno federal puede imponer multas de hasta $100 y/o pena de crcel por un mximo de 30 dà ­as a las personas que no cumplan con esta obligacià ³n. Esto tambià ©n afecta a la  tarjeta de residencia que est sellada en el pasaporte  de su titular y que es totalmente vlida y sirve tambià ©n para viajar internacionalmente. Asimismo, los residentes permanentes deben notificar al USCIS sus  cambios de domicilio  en los diez dà ­as siguientes a que se produzca la mudanza. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este  test  para verificar conocimientos bsicos sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Qualitative Data Collection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitative Data Collection - Essay Example Therefore, qualitative research in education approved of the researcher’s point of view as a critical aspect of the research. Thus, qualitative research in education asserts that the bias or subjectivity of the researcher is fundamental. Consequently, the perspective and value judgment of the researcher are profoundly bonded to the research (Darlington, 2002). In this perspective, the rapport or researcher and the issue that is being studied impossible to disconnect. In simple terms, what a researcher prefers to investigate is connected to his value judgment. There is an idea that research information and researcher’s value-laden conclusions or research interpretation cannot subsist independently. To a certain extent, information and researcher’s perspective are firmly interwoven with each other. Specifically, a researcher is regarded to be an ‘insider to the research’. In principle, this perspective is founded on a ‘subject-subject relationship’ (Darlington, 2002, 15) in which realities in human societies are subjective. There is an assumption that the researcher responds based on his personal value judgment. In any research approach, whether quantitative or qualitative, one of the most important steps is the data collection. In qualitative research in education, there are four major data collection methods, namely, ethnography, educational criticism, action research and case study. Ethnographers try to record, in a systematic manner, how indigenous people behave and how they rationalize their behavior. And ethnography, in principle, is a systematic account of this documentation. Indigenous people are individuals in circumstances anywhere, including youngsters and adolescents in schools, not merely people who subsist in isolated and hostile environments such as jungles or peasant villages (Sherman, 2001). Many researchers

Cross Culture Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cross Culture Management - Case Study Example There is much emphasis on the flexible approaches especially to changing circumstances and the integration of the overall importance of the people in the attainment of any set objective. As such, the culture focusses on flexible systems of control and information sharing (Chen 2004, p. 200). The Indonesian working culture is also a being culture because of the values attached to career development and the styles of management. For instance, there is much concern for the vision or idea that a firm hopes to attain and that the attainment is not a result of planning, but because of shared vision among the concerned parties. The culture believes the best managers are those that share ideologies with the people and one that tunes the people to adapt to the changing working environment. The culture is a public one because of the focus it gives to group-oriented and authoritative forms of planning that center on relationships between the people in its context. The work culture in the Indonesian context is collectivism because of the focus it gives to the community approaches to work (Chen 2004, p. 178). There is much emphasis on the achievement of the goals and management of the collective attitudes to the all the people in the company framework. Therefore, collectivism is an approach that believes in the power of collective responsibilities in management. The culture is also a low-context culture because the planning is one that bases on more explicit and less detailed on instructions. The descriptions of the jobs are precise and simple to understand within the company context. The managers get their work done through establishing strong relationships with their juniors and consider that they cannot achieve much except by combined effort from the workers. The same culture is a future culture because a majority of the plans that the managers make focus on long-term ambitions

Effect of PRF After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery

Effect of PRF After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery Post extraction wound healing and physiologic sequelae of third molar surgery can significantly affect the patient’s quality of life2. Various methods have been suggested to improve extraction socket healing and to minimize the postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery4,5. PRF is a second-generation platelet concentrate which is known to stimulate wound healing by releasing growth factors directly to the wound5,8,16,17. Recent studies demonstrated the PRF membrane has a very significant slow sustained release of key growth factors for at least 7 and up to 28 day13. Studies on PRF efficacy in enhancing wound healing have yielded differing results and also there is a divergence of opinion on the activity of PRF. Thus, there is the need for more studies to explore its use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This study was therefore perceived to determine the effect, if any, that PRF has on postoperative sequelae and enhancement of bone healing after mandibular third molar s urgery. Patients and Methods The study sample consisted of 15 young adult volunteers 18 to 22 years old presenting with impacted mandibular third molars bilaterally and in similar positions. Patients using systemic drugs or presenting a medical history positive for any systemic pathology or a history of hypersensitivity to any component used in the methodology were not included. Each patient participated as a volunteer after signing an informed consent form on the study for extraction of impacted right and left mandibular third molars. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee prior to the commencement of the study. The following demographic information was collected: age, gender, occupation, marital status, and educational level. Furthermore, the position and type of impaction were recorded. The two operated sides in each patient were randomly divided into 2 study groups: extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar at first side whose socket was filled with blood clot and wound sutured (cont rol group), and extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar on the other side whose socket was filled with PRF gel and wound sutured (PRF group). A 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) with a score of 0 equals â€Å"no pain† and ten equals â€Å"very severe pain† was used to assess pain. Facial swelling was evaluated using a modification of the method described by Schultze-Mosgau et al9, and this entailed measuring the distances from the tragus to the oral commissure and tragus to the pogonion. The arithmetic sum of the two measurements was used to determine the facial swelling at the time point. The percentage facial swelling was calculated from the difference of the measurements made in the preoperative and postoperative periods divided by the value obtained in the preoperative period and multiplied by 100. (Swelling Postoperatively–Swelling Preoperatively) /Swelling Preoperatively X 100 Digital radiographs were used to evaluate changes in radiographic bone density for each extraction site. Three blinded dental professionals working independently evaluated all radiographs. RVG software was used for radiographic analysis. Radiographs were evaluated by three blinded dental professionals. The radiographs were assessed by obtaining the average density of three independent readings of the 3rd molar extraction socket sites. This was compared to the average of three density outlines of the adjacent tooth. When all radiographs for a patient were assessed, they were normalized to the original radiograph and the same untouched adjacent tooth. The baseline socket average was then subtracted from the normalized average for each tooth extraction socket at the different time points. The final, normalized socket value differences for each PRF-treated and non-PRF treated site for the various time points were compared. All radiographs were taken by a blinded, certified x-ray dental assistant. They were taken immediately post-operatively and at the following time after the day of surgery: 4th week, 8thweek and 12thweeks. Preparation of Platelet-Rich Fibrin PRF was prepared according to the technique described by Choukroun et al1. Twenty minutes before starting surgery, 10 mL of venous blood was collected in a sterilized dry, neutral glass tube without an anticoagulant. After immediate centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, the platelet-poor plasma, which accumulated at the top, was discarded. PRF was removed approximately 2 mm below its connection to the red corpuscle beneath to include remaining platelets, which have been proposed to localize below the junction between PRF and the red corpuscle After 10 minutes, the gel was formed, and autologous PRF was applied immediately in the socket in the PRF group. Surgical Procedure- To standardize the surgical operations, all patients were operated by the same surgeon. The mandibular third molars of which the extraction sockets would receive PRF treatment were selected randomly before surgery and these molars were operated on first. After tooth extraction, the surgical area in the PRF group was isolated with gauze and the socket was filled with PRF gel. In the control group, the socket was not filled with PRF. The flap was repositioned by an interrupted suture with 3-0 silk suture. The patients received oral and written postoperative guidance, and follow-up was scheduled according to the study periods. Because only the bilateral mandibular third molars similarly impacted were selected for the study, there was no significant difference in the time and surgical trauma associated with surgical extractions. Immediately after the procedure, details of each procedure were recorded, including the duration of surgery in minutes (from the first incision to insertion of the last suture), and any intraoperative complications. Patients were then recalled at 1, 3, 7, and 14-day postoperative intervals. During such visits, data were recorded for postoperative pain,facial swelling and any untoward complications like infection and alveolar osteitis. Sutures were removed 7 days after surgical operation. Patients were also recalled at the 4th, 8th, and 12th week postoperatively for radiographic bone healing assessment. Results The mean age of the sample population was 21.40(range 18 to 35 years). There was no statistically significant difference in the age, gender, and type of impaction between both groups. In both groups, the mean postoperative pain score (VAS) was highest at postoperative day 1 and gradually reduced over the following 14 days. The mean postoperative pain score (VAS) was higher for PRF group than control group at all-time points when compared with the control group and was not statistically significant (P The percentage facial swelling for the PRF group relative to baseline value was 2.55%, 2.22%, and 0.28% on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 respectively, whereas it was 1.86%, 1.5%, and 0.29%, respectively, in the non- PRF(control) group for the same period. The percentage facial swelling was highest at postoperative day 1 and gradually reduced over the following days for both groups. The mean percentage swelling was also higher for the PRP group at all-time points when compared with the control. However this difference also was found to be not statistically significant. The mean bone density score was higher in the PRF group than the non-PRP group over a 12-week period; and the differences were found to be statistically significant. The results of the present study clearly show that the application of autologous PRF in surgical wounds after tooth extraction allows acceleration of bone healing, as indicated by data with statistical differences (p DISCUSSION This prospective study evaluated the performance of PRF gel when applied to fresh extraction sites. Third molar extractions are often used as a measurement tool for comparing treatments because they are usually performed electively on a younger population that do not present with significant medical problems (e.g., systemic pathologies, multiple medications). Therefore, this study is especially relevant for healthy 18 to 40 year old patients. This study evaluated the effect of PRF gel on postoperative pain, swelling and bone regeneration potential on third molar extraction sockets. The mean postoperative pain score (VAS) and swelling were higher for the PRF group at all-time points as compared with the control group, but the differences obtained were found to be statistically non-significant. This suggests that topical application of PRF may not improve the postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery. Choukroun et al5 in a case report found reduced pain and better mouth opening when topical PRF gel was used in molar extraction sockets ,in contrast to this we observed increased pain and swelling when topical PRF gel was used in 3rd molar extraction socket . Intra-oral digital radiographs taken of the individual surgical sites revealed that the effects of PRF were significantly beneficial (P 6,similarly reported that the PRF induced complete bone filling of a residual cystic cavity in 2 months 2 weeks, a much shorter period than 6 to 12 months of physiologic healing. Choukroun et al7 in a case series on maxillary sinus lifting operations, 3 cases were treated with PRF and freeze-dried bone allograft mixture and 6 cases with freeze-dried bone allograft alone. Histomorphometric results of this study showed that PRF and allograft mixture accelerated bone regeneration, allowing implant placement in 4 months after maxillary sinus lifting procedure. Furthermore, the amount of newly formed bone was equivalent to that achieved with an allograft alone 8 months after surgery. Diss et al10 reported promising results after placing PRF instead of bone graft under the sinus membrane during a closed-sinus lifting technique and demonstrated that an ave rage of 3.2 mm bone gain could be obtained in the sinus after 1-year follow-up. However the results of our study does not correspond with the study from Gà ¼rbà ¼zer et al17 who reported scintigraphically, that platelet-rich fibrin might not bring about promoted activity of osteoblasts in impacted mandibular third molar sockets in 1 or 4 week after extraction. Accelerated bone formation observed is in contrast to the drop in bone density seen at the control site before bone formation began to take place. It took approximately 6 weeks for the control sites to reach the same bone density that the PRF-treated site had reached by 4 weeks. The PRF-induced acceleration in bone formation may be due to the presence of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in PRF that stimulates mesenchymal stem cells to begin osteoblast differentiation and subsequent calcification12,14,18. The immediate start of bone formation seen with PRF treatment is of clinical relevance because it is the initial 2 weeks following bone manipulation in oral surgery that are important in preventing infection, loss of the blood clot and/or dry socket formation. Digital panoramic radiographs might have been a better choice than digital periapical radiographs, as the 2 surgical sites would be represented on 1 film, eliminating the need for normalization between the sites. The disadvantage of digital panoramic radiographs is that these films have a 20 to 25% distortion factor because it is an extra-oral film, as opposed to the intra-oral individual (periapical) radiographs.The digital periapical radiograph was chosen over the panoramic radiograph due to the lower distortion, which results from being in close proximity to the site being evaluated. The CT scans might have exhibited greater differences between the PRF treated sites and the control sites, had they been obtained. Similarly Digital substraction radiography and histomorphometry have provided more sensitive methods of assessing bone healing but are quite invasive and expensive especially in a resource limited environment. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that topical application of autologous PRF gel has a beneficial effect on the osseous healing of extraction sockets after third molar surgery but may not minimize the postoperative sequelae after 3rd molar surgery as its use was found to be associated with increased postoperative pain and swelling . However, a larger sample size in a multicenter study may be necessary before its routine use in extraction socket can be justified

Customer Management: Nefab Company

Introduction Customer management has been an integral part of business processes since the early days of business, even before money was introduced. Development of products and services aimed at meeting the needs of the customer is what determines the effectiveness of the customer retention and loyalty strategies (Rao & Perry, 2002). This paper analyses the operational methods and strategies adopted by Nefab Packaging Company- UK in providing products and services and their effectiveness in terms of customer satisfaction Background informationThe main business area for Nefab Company is packaging. It is an international company with global coverage. Its headquarters is in Sweden, but it has numerous subsidiaries in Europe and America including the UK (Nefab Group, 2013) where I happen to be one of the employees. Most of its operations involve working closely with other businesses around the globe with the intent of providing them with the best quality packaging solution for their products. Nefab C ompany has close to 20 major customers around the world with numerous other small customers distributed all over Europe. The company handles its customers using two approaches; its large global customers are all handled by the central management of the organisation while the other small to medium sized customers are handled at the company’s local offices in the respective countries (Nefab Group, 2013). To enhance its competitiveness and sustainability as a global packaging company, it has recently introduced customer relationship management department (Nefab program Manager, 2012). This department operates under the human resource department and is responsible for development and implementation of systems aimed at ensuring the levels of customer satisfaction are high in the company. Some of the main functions of this department are (Nefab program Manager, 2012): Developing and focusing sight on the customers Pay attention to customer lifetime value Develop management support for a customer focussed strategies Developing effective value for data collected from the customer Developing an understanding of the levels of management involvement in customer management Developing flexible business processes to support a wide range of customer needs Advising the IT department on what to develop as an approach of enhancing customer satisfaction The current customer relationship management system operates based on Microsoft’s CRM system. It is currently implemented in most divisions of the company (Nefab program Manager, 2012). Currently, the company is working towards increasing the levels of integration of those services into the business function and ensuring that all the guidelines and strategies are used efficiently to realize maximum benefit from the new department in the organisation (Nefab Group, 2013). The Company’s Customers This company works in the business to business sector and therefore all its customers are businesses seeking for packaging services. The main struggle for the company is to develop long-term relationships with other businesses globally. The fact that the company has very small customers, it is very important for the company to maximise on customer satisfaction as it cannot afford to lose any customer and must struggle to attract more in the global market. The major customers for this company are companies in six global industrial segments: Vehicles, Aerospace, Healthcare equipment Industry, Energy, and Telecom among many other industries. The things that our customers are seeking are packaging products that are reusable and at the same time easily expendable. The packaging should also be designed in such a way that the quality of the products is not affected during transport. Moreover, the current levels of environmental sensitivity by many companies have resulted to companies seeking packaging that are as green as possible and have minimal harm to the environment. Furthermore, the customers require packaging that is optimal in terms of weight to minimize the cost of transportation of the product. These are the main areas that customer relationship management department is focussed on in this organisation. This company has developed an approach that ensures all its customers are well known. The system is based on customer segmentation in terms of products they buy from the company. The segmentation is also done based on regions. This is important since the company has subsidiaries distributed all over the world. The process of product development is done through consideration of the specifications of each customer. This is mainly achieved by developing products based on customers’ instructions and directions. The application of customer segmentation allows this company to meet the needs of almost all its customers.Customer ObjectivesThe development of this department will be central in promoting a sense of security, a feeling of being in control and trust among customers. The main reasons behind the development of the customer relationship management department in this organisation were to (Nefab program Manager, 2012): Enhance customer lifetime value; Develop the best strategic information and communication; Develop customer retention strategies; Enhance the levels of customer satisfaction . This company developed this department as a central participant in the process of expanding and maintaining market share successfully. Particularly, retention of customers can be achieved through learning relevant information, such as expectations, preferences, habits, and names about customers (Nefab program Manager, 2012). This department is expected to develop a one-on-one relationship with customers as an approach of ensuring that they come back frequently developing close association between the company and its customers. Furthermore, the department is also expected to increase the level of IT integration into customer management, resulting in high levels of intimacy between customers and the company. The high levels of using IT allow the organisation to a variety of employees in managing customer relationship removing the barrier associated with personalised attention of the customer (Nefab program Manager, 2012). This will result to sustained organisational performance and hence profitability even if certain employees are no longer working with the organisation. Therefore, there are three main customer-related objectives in this initiative; customer retention, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty (Nefab program Manager, 2012). The introduction of customer relations management department is expected to enhance the level of customer loyalty. By making this company more knowledgeable about its current customers as well as prospective customers will ensure the services offered to them are offered in the best manner available to satisfy the customer positively impacting on the levels of customer loyalty. A similar case is expected in customer satisfaction. Developing a positive experience between this company and the customer has been seen as the main approach towards ensuring the customer is highly satisfied. This department is also focused on ensuring the job done by the company is the best. This will ultimately result to high level of customer retention. For instance, this company has been suffering from numerous instances of confusion and misconceptions especially when employees are unable to tell what has been delivered to a specific customer and what needs to be delivered and when. This has portrayed the company as unresponsive to its customers. This has dealt the company a major blow in the process as it negatively affected customer satisfaction levels. These three objectives are related to one another. For instance, a customer who has a constant repeat purchase is said to be loyal while at the same time, a customer can only be loyal if the products and services are satisfactory. Business Related Objectives This department is focused on not only fulfilling customer related objectives, but also business objectives. In terms of business, objectives are collection and analysis of data to increase the understanding levels of customer. This is important in ensuring the organisation meets the needs of the customer and is in a position to provide current and future customer needs. This is also essential in developing future forecasts for production and sales prospects. The development of process automation is also another important objective of this department. It is necessary for the enhancement of efficiency and ultimately profitability of this organisation. Most investigations agree that the most important objective of customer relation management at organisational level is to gather information. Xu & Walton (2005) clearly explain the main reason for collection of information by an organisation as being to enable the organisation understand its customers, to meet the needs of the customers and also develop effective strategies to meet the company’s future prospects. Customer Relationship Management Strategies There various theories that try to explain the strategies used on customer relationship management. The most common ones analyse customer touch points, front office, back office, and warehousing. To be able to analyse the approach adopted by this company in managing its customers, it is necessary to review this parts. WarehousingThis is the area in organisational processes that has numerous literatures regarding the implementation of customer relation management (CRM). Specifically, Bose has developed a very complex model that analyses all the necessary steps in the process of implementing CRM. This model is simplified by a list developed by David (1999). Thus, David’s list is comprehensive enough to provide guidance of the process of implementing CRM. Another implementation plan that is not as complex as Bose’s was developed by Chase (2004). The most important aspect of this plan is the detailed explanation of the integration levels. Back OfficeThese are functions in a n organisation that the customer cannot view directly (Chen & Popovich, 2003). Many authors put more emphasis on the importance of an organisation using the CRM in determining the value of its individual customers. When analysing customer value, Zikmund provides a detailed review of various theories that analyse this issue. Moreover, Xu and Walton (2005) have developed a very distinct approach to classification of customers based on profit cost matrix. Another important tool that is essential in analysing customer classification is the Identify Differentiate Interact Customize (IDIC) tool (Zikmund et al., 2003). This tool is known to provide detailed information on approaches of customer differentiation and product customisation. According to Zikmund and his colleagues (2003), customisation of the various stages in product development is essential in ensuring the products meet the specific requirements of the customers. Nefab achieves product customisation through the selection of materials and concepts for product development based on the specific customer requirements. This results to production of products that are customised for an individual customer. This is driven by Nefab’s objective that aims to replace its customers packaging departments which requires complete customisation (Nefab program Manager, 2012) Another important tool that is effective on providing insights into the process to customers in terms of areas that data can be gathered from is the analytical model by Xu and Walton (2005). It is essential in developing background on the information that should be looked for. This allows a company to develop usable data from the customers especially for development of the customer based strategies. Nefab has an effective tool for data collection that is based on direct interaction with its customers on a regular basis (Nefab program Manager, 2012). Information is collected on their products on issues, such as the level of customer satisfaction and production requirement of the customer. The company also gathers information on their competitors especially on their prices and the approach to business of their competitors. More so, a better explanation on the uses of customer knowledge is provided by Zineldin (2006). A combination of theories by Xu & Walton and Zineldin is used in the process of seeking information and developing effective use of the information. In a study by Wilson (2006), it was evident that it is very important to analyse the value of a customer in the process of developing long term relationship with the customer. Zikmund et al. (2003) identifies the important values of customer lifetime as the period the customer is expected to last, cost of capital, retention rate, and profit margin. This is the area that Nefab is still struggling with. Its approach is focussed on determining the profitability of each customer based on the contribution margin. However, the company has completely separated loyalty and retention from the approach adopted for determining the profitability of its customers (Nefab program Manager, 2012). According to this company, it is hard to develop a measure for profitability that is not based on income per product is uncertain and hence not realistic (Nefab program Manager, 2012). Thus, according to this company, the process of predicting future customer loyalty is impossible. The company depends on its employees to manage its customers in that the salesperson handles any conflicts or complaints from customers to ensure that they are preserved as customers of the company. In terms of relationships, Peppers & Rogers (2001) suggested that the main objective of CRM is to allow an organisation to manage its customers on an individual basis. This is the area that Nefab is more focussed on. It has established its CRM strategies to ensure that customers are handled at a personal level. This is also coupled with development of personalised relations with its customers. The company strives to ensure that the customer comes back for more products and services. Nefab has established measures that increase the levels of openness between it and its customers. They allow their customers to be partners in the business (Nefab program Manager, 2012). The company has also established a variety of departments involved in management of sales including technicians, design teams and accounts manager. This is necessary to ensure each of its major customers is handled differently by the company. This is sometimes challenging to the organisation in terms of coordinating the numerous departments in the organisation. Front officeThese are firm’s functions that directly interact with the customer (Chen & Popovich, 2003). The IDIC model is also an effective tool for providing a description of the functions of the front office as per CRM (Peppers & Rogers, 2001). The primary role of the front office is to collect information from the customer in an easy was as possible (Peppers & Rogers, 2001). Nefab has tried to develop an effective front office by minimising the number of departments at the front office level (Nefab program Manager, 2012). The company has a centralised workloads and information for its large customers with global coverage. The local branches handle the other smaller customers. This allows the company to store information about all its major customers in a centralised place (Nefab program Manager, 2012). Rao and Perry (2002) explain the importance of digitizing employee knowledge. Another important contribution to this part is the Greenberg (2004), analysis of culture and its importance in the process of implementing CRM as a strategy within an organisation. His analysis is comprehensive and very central in the development of CRM strategies that meet the requirements of a specific organisation. A study by Curry and Kkolou (2004) found out that customer life cycle is very important for an organisation. They further assert that it should be handled while providing detailed information about each and every stage that the company’s customers go through. The common stages identified were targeting, translation, delivery, dissatisfaction management, and winning back lost customers (Curry & Kkolou, 2004). These are the areas that this Nefab Company is struggling with. Its customer’s life cycle is initiated when they visit a customer’s firm as most of my colleagues described. This is then followed by sending of samples of packaging until the final solution is arrived at (Nefab program Manager, 2012). Once the customer has approved the design of packaging, the company delivers that packaging to the customer until when the production of a specific product comes to a stop. During this time, the company expects the customer to approach them again for a new packaging plan. The company completely lacks customer win-back and dissatisfaction management stages in the customer lifecycle. Another important area in the front office, organisational culture is analysed by Greenberg (2004). He asserts that the culture of the organisation must be changed such that it aligns with the objectives of the organisation’s CRM initiative. Thus, the success of an organisation’s CRM depends on the levels to which its objectives align with the firm’s culture. This is the area that Nefab has tried to deal with. The company has implemented an intensive training program for the sales persons with specific reference to behaviour and conduct (Nefab program Manager, 2012). The company has also equipped its workforce with computer skills. The company has endowed its employee’s a heavy responsibility especially in decision making. The company also promotes the development of independent culture at its subsidiaries. However, the cultural independence of its subsidiaries is limited as they operate based on a general cultural framework of the company. This has positively impacted the performance of the company as the decision making paths has been shortened. The negative impact of this approach is on development of a centralised decision by the firm since its subsidiaries work very independently. Customer Touch PointsThese are the interactions that exist between an organisation and its customers (Chen & Popovich, 2003). The touch points are well illustrated in the ‘interact’ phase of the IDIC model (Peppers & Rogers, 2001). This model has a detailed overview of all the necessary areas in the touch points that exist at an organisational level. According to Peppers & Rogers, touch points are essential in the process of organising and streamlining the face of an organisation. Nefab Company has in the recent past involved the touch points in the process of organisational streamlining. This has been enhanced by the introduction of the CRM department as an approach to refining its front end with the endeavour to ensure its customers are well served (Nefab program Manager, 2012). The company has also increased the level of using the web as a customer interaction tool. It currently accounts for the most of the company’s customer leads. A theory by Davids (1999) is comprehensive enough in developing approaches for examining how customers interact with an organisation. Furthermore, Peelen (2005) presents possible interaction points in an organisation that is similar to the work by Davids (1999) as well as Peppers & Rogers (2001). These points identified by Peelen are personal sales, telephone, e-mail, websites, and public media. Nefab Company has tried to develop effectiveness of these channels of interaction. However, the company has limited use of media such as radio and television as it assumes that their customers are less likely to be there for interaction between the company and them (Nefab program Manager, 2012). The major forms through which this company interacts with its customers is through phone calls, email and direct communication. Conclusion and Implications From the analysis, it is evident that the theories analysed by various investigators are applicable at organisational level. It is evident that using CRM in business benefits a business since it offers effective objectives for management of businesses as well as its customers. The most important objectives in this case are customer retention and satisfaction, data organisation, and in-depth understanding of the customer. From analysis of the company, it has been evident that the most important aspect of CRM is the organisation of customer information. The ultimate results of this organisation are high levels of customer satisfaction and retention as witnessed in the organisation. The ability of an organisation to meet customer requests and respond to them in time depends on how organised is the approach to the collection and analysis of customer data. This evidently results to high levels of customer satisfaction. This result because of high levels of efficiency in customer managemen t strategies. From these results, it can be concluded that for an organisation to effectively gather and organise customer information, it requires to develop a customer relation management approaches. This allows an organisation to develop a comprehensive analysis of the customer on an individual basis. This is central to capturing relevant information in an approach that allows availability of the information from all departments in an organisation. Furthermore, the main benefit of CRM is to allow organisations to own and control information about its customers and not specific individuals or departments in an organisation. This is important in limiting the implications of employees exiting from an organisation where customer information is readily available for the replacement recruits as compared to the case where there was no CRM. Moreover, CRM is important in the sense that customer information can readily be pulled and reviewed. This is an essential ingredient in organisational efficiency. In fact, new employees can use the stored information to develop an effective background about the customer. More so, CRM allows an organisation to develop approaches of handling objectives such as customer retention, satisfaction, and loyalty at once as they are assessed in terms of their impact on the organisational efficiency of the firm. Implications of the studyThis investigation analysed how customer relationship management is used in Nefab Company. The analysis focussed on the application of CRM in the organisation with relation to available theories that focus on the consumer market. The analysis reveals that it is important for an organisation to focus on developing strong relations with its customers other than focusing on the consumer market loyalty. Development of customer relation automatically results to high levels of customer loyalty. However, this investigation is limited to information gathered by other investigators in reference to one organisation. Further studies need to be done using more than one organisation. The investigations should collect data using quantitative as well as qualitative methodologies to further enhance the available information on the research issue. Other areas that need to be analysed in future investigations are: Analysis of the effect of company culture on customer relations; Investigate on the approaches to evaluating customer loyalty; Examine how price and customer loyalty interact. References Chase, P., 2004. A success model for CRM integration, and how to avoid the most common mistakes, New Hampshire, USA: Scribe Software Corporation. Chen, I., & Popovich, K., 2003. Understanding Customer Relationship Management: People Process and technology. Bradford, UK: MCB Up Limited. Curry, A. & Kkolou, E., 2004. â€Å"Evaluating CRM Contribution to TQM improvement- across-case comparison† The TQM Magazine, 16(5), 314-324 Davids, M., 1999. â€Å"How to avoid the 10 Biggest Mistakes in CRM† Journal of Business Strategy, 20(6):22-26 Greenberg, P., 2004. CRM at the speed of light, essential CRM strategies for the 21st century. New York, NY: MCGraw Hill/Osborne. Nefab Group, (2013). Nefab’s History. Retrieved from http://www.nefab.com/History.aspx Nefab program Manager, (2012). Nefab Business Plan 2013-2017. Retrieved from http://www.nefab.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/NEFAB-BUSINESS-PLAN-2013-2017-v-11.pdf Peppers, E. & Rogers, S., 2001. â€Å"Maximising ROI from your customer based strategy† Insights report 2001. Rao, S., & Perry, C., 2002. â€Å"Thinking about relationship marketing: where are we now†, Journal of business and industrial marketing, 17(7), 598-614 Wilson, R., 2006. â€Å"Developing new Business strategies in B2B markets by combining CRM concepts and online databases†. Customer Relations,16(1), 38 – 43 Xu, M. Walton, J., 2005. â€Å"Gaining Customer Knowledge through Analytical CRM†. Department of Strategy & Business System, Portsmouth Business School. Portsmouth, UK: University of Portsmouth. Zikmund, W., McLeod R., & Fayge, G., (2003). Customer Relationship Management: Integrating marketing Strategy and Information Technology. New York, NY: Wiley. Zineldin, M., 2006. â€Å"The royalty of loyalty: CRM, Quality and retention† Journal of consumer marketing, 23(7), 430-437.